Abotolo lonunkhirandi chabe chotengera chosavuta; Ndi chidutswa cha zonena, ntchito yaluso, komanso kuyanjana koyamba kwa mankhwala ogula ali ndimafrta ozoza. Makina ake amanyoza zinsinsi zafungoMkati, kungoganiza pazabwino, zachikondi, kapena zamakono. Kumvetsetsa chisinthiko, zaluso, komanso zosiyanasiyana zamafuta a botoloimapereka chidziwitso choyenera osati kwa otola, koma mabizinesi omwe amakhudzidwa ndiMakampani onunkhira, makamaka iwobotolo lagalasikunyamula. Nkhaniyi imakhudza chidwiMbiri ya mabotolo onunkhira, amafufuza iconicZojambula zamabotolo, ndikukambirana chifukwa chakeZovala zonunkhirandizofunikira kwambiri kwa afungo labwinoKuzindikira, kumapangitsa kuti kuwerenga kwa wina aliyense akhale ndi chidwimafuta opazidwa, kapangidwe kake, kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zokongola izi.
Ganizirani zomwe mumakondamafrta ozoza. Kodi mumakumbukira chiyani? Nthawi zambiri, ndimawonekedwe a botolokapena kapangidwe kake, ngakhalefungo. Uyu si mwangozi.Mabotolo onunkhira siwongokhala; Amakhala zidutswa zambirichojambulaadapangidwa kuti agwire tanthauzo lafungo labwinoAmagwira. AMapangidwe a botoloAmakhala ngati mawonekedwe owoneka komanso a ndale, kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo ndikupanga chikhumbo. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chotsatsa, kuthandiza amafrta ozozaImani pamsika wa anthu ambiri. Achamakono fungoikufuna kunyamula zomwe zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake ndipoulemu.
Kuchokera ku zidutswa zamitundu yamitundu yocheperako, minimialistMabotolo amakono amabowo,kapangidwe kakeamalankhula zamagetsi. Amachitabotolo lonunkhiraKuyambitsa kukongola kwa mpesa, kusintha kwamakono, kapena kuchita mphamvu? Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (nthawi zambiri galasi lalitali), mitundu, kapangidwe kake, ndi silhoweette zonse zimathandizira kuti zitheke. Kwa ambiri, kusonkhanitsamabotolo onunkhirandi ofanana kutola zaluso. M'modziBotolo limasimba nkhani, osati zamafuta mkati, koma za Era zidalengedwa,zonunkhira"Chidziwitso cha 'komanso chisinthiko cha zokongoletsa. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa malonda,mawonekedwe aluso, ndi kapangidwe kantchito, ndikupangabotolo lonunkhirachinthu chapadera kwenikweni.
Monga wopanga wochokera ku China wokhala ndi mizere 7 yopanga yoperekedwa kwa galasi lagalasi, ife ku Glint Onani ZofunikiraMapangidwe a botoloNdi za makasitomala athu, makamaka omwe ali m'misika yampikisano ngati USA ndi Europe. Mabizinesi Monga Marko Thompson, omwe amapereka zinthu zopangira zodzikongoletsera, kumvetsetsa kuti mawonekedwebotolo lonunkhiraimatha kusintha kwambiri. NdiMasamba onunkhirazomwe zimapangitsa chidwi choyambirira, kujambula makasitomala asanakhalekofungo labwino.
Azoyambira mafuta onunkhiraTambasulani zaka masauzande, ndipo mwachilengedwe, ndiye kuti zosowa zaZovala zonunkhira. Kutalikalikira koyambirira monga Aiguputo, Agiriki, ndi Aroma adagwiramafrta ozozaPogwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira komanso ma mungu othandizira zipembedzo, ukhondo, ndi mankhwala. WoyambaZombo zonunkhiraanali kutali ndibotolo lagalasiMapangidwe tikuwona lero. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu mosavuta komanso kupangidwa mosavuta, monga terraratta, Alabasters, mwala, ngakhale m'matumba otuluka.
Aigupto, ambuye akumayambiriromafuta opazidwa, zokongoletsa zokongola zochokera ku zida zonga Alabaster, zomwe zidapindula kutengera zomwe zili bwino. Amagwiritsanso ntchito kuti akhumudwitse (mtundu wa ceramic) ndi pambuyo pake, galasi lopangidwa ndi chipatala. Kuyambiriramabotolo onunkhiranthawi zambiri amakhala osula, akuwonetsa mtengo womwe umayikidwa pamtengo wapatalifungomkati. Zitsanzo zopezeka m'manda amawonetsa zokongoletsera zokongola komansomawonekedwe apadera, kuwonetsa kuyamika koyambirira kwachojambulaza mowa womwe.
Agiriki ndi Aroma anapitilizabe mwambowu, kukulitsa masitaelo awo. Arybleloi (zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono kapena zowoneka bwino) ndi Alabastra (ziwiya za tubulast kapena zowonongeka) zinali zodziwika bwinomafrta ozoza. Pomwe maluso oyenda bwino, galasi silinali zodziwika bwino chifukwamabotolo onunkhiraMpaka pambuyo pake. KuyambiriraZovala zonunkhirasonyezani chidwi chamunthu chakumwamba kuti musangopanga zokongolanunkhirakomanso kuti muwalowe nawo zombo zokongola, kuyika maziko achisinthiko cha mafuta onunkhirakunyamula.
Kupanga ndi kukonza maluso osewereraMasamba onunkhira. Pomwe galasi lidagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoyambirira (ngati galasi lopangidwa ndi ciorePafupifupi zaka za zana limodzi BCE), inali chitukuko cha Roma chagalasi mozungulira pafupifupi 50 BCE chomwe chidapangidwadi njira yabotolo lagalasikukhala chidebe chomwe amakondamafrta ozoza. Galasi linapereka zabwino zingapo: Sizinali zokoka, kupewa zamtengo wapatalifungo labwinoKuchokera ku Evapoble kapena Kukhumudwitsa, ndipo kumalola utoto ndi kumveka bwino kwamafrta ozozakuwoneka.
Poyamba, RomanMabotolo onunkhiraanali osavuta popanga. Komabe, monga luso lotsogola, amisiri a aluso adayamba kupanga mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa ufumu wa Roma, chidziwitso chagalasi chidasungidwa komanso kupita patsogolo ku Middle East, makamaka ku Syria ndi Persia. Opanga venetia pambuyo pake adayamba kutchuka panthawi ya Renaissance, kupanga zodabwitsa komanso zolimbaMabotolo agalasi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi zidziwitso. Nthawiyi idawonabotolo lonunkhirabwerani zenizeni kuti ukhalemawonekedwe alusom'malo olondola.
Kuwonekera ndi kusinthasintha kwagalasi kumaloledwa kwambirichojambulamuMapangidwe a botolo. Zitha kukhala zokuda, kudula, zolembedwa, kuyamwa, ndi zodetsedwa, kupereka zotheka popandaOpanga zonunkhirakufotokozera mtundu wafungo. Kuthekera koyambitsa galasi kulowamawonekedwe osiyanasiyananso zinakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Pomwe molawiriramafrta ozozaNthawi zambiri amagulidwa m'madzi osavuta ndipo amasamukira ku Flacon Wanu Wanu kunyumba, chitukuko cha kupanga galasi kukhazikitsidwabotolo lonunkhiraiko kukhala gawo lofunikira lamafrta ozozamalonda ogulitsidwa kwa ogula.
Zaka za 18 ndi 19 zidasindikizidwa nthawi yayikulu muchisinthiko cha botolo, oyendetsedwa ndi kusintha, kupita patsogolo, komanso kutchuka kokulira kwamafrta ozozaPakati pa Aristocracy a ku Europe komanso gulu lankhondo lapakati.Mabotolo onunkhira a 18Zaka zanamwe nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa opsuncence kwa nthawi ya rococo. Ganizirani utoto wowonda, wopaka utoto wa utoto ndi zithunzi za ubusa kapena zodzikongoletsera, nthawi zina zimapangidwa ngati zikwangwani kapena zinthu. Makina oyimilira achitsulo komanso osowa oletsa osowa anali ofala. Galasi lidatchukanso, ndi maluso ngati galasi lodulidwa ndi kungowonjezera kuwonjezera kwaulemundichamakonoMverani.Mabotolo a m'zaka za zana la 18anali chuma, adawonetsedwa pa matebulo ovala.
AKusintha Kusintha kwa MafakitaleM'zaka za m'ma 1900 zidabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwaKupanga mabotolo onunkhira. Njira Zopangira Zambiri ZopangidwaMabotolo agalasizotsika mtengo komanso zopezeka. Ngakhale chimaliziro, chodzaza ndi manjamabotolo onunkhiraAnapitilizabe kupangidwa, yosavuta, yamphamvu yagalasi inayamba kufalikira. Nthawi iyi idawonamawonekedwe apamwambaZomwe zikutchulidwabe masiku ano, monga ma cylingrical ndi mitundu yakonso. Kukongoletsa kumaphatikizapo njira zogakika, zolembera, komanso zoletsa zowoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi zaka za zana zapitazi. Inalinso panthawiyi kutiNyumba zonunkhiraadayamba kukhazikitsa chizindikiritso chosiyana, nthawi zina kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunjimawonekedwe a botolokapena mawonekedwe a zilembo ngati gawo lawo.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, masitaeles adayambanso kusuntha, kutengera mayendedwe ngati Art Nouveau. Nthawi imeneyi idawona kusunthira kwamitundu yambiri, mizere yoyenda, ndi zifaniziro zachilengedweMapangidwe a botolo. Zipangizo MongaMabotolo onunkhiraadatchuka. Kusinthaku kuyika gawo la kuphulika kwa mawonekedwebotolo lonunkhirakapangidwe komwe kamakhalaMawonekedwe a zaka za 20malo. AMbiri ya mabotolo onunkhiraakuwonetsa kutanthauzira kosalekeza pakati pa zochitika zaluso, kuthekera ukadaulo, komanso kufunikira kwachikhalidwe kwamafrta ozoza.
WoyambiriraMawonekedwe a zaka za 20Dziko linapangidwa kwambiri ndi kayendedwe kawiri kaukadaulo: Art Nauveau ndi Art Kone. Izimasukulu osiyana ndi kapangidwe kakeadasiya chizindikiritso chosanenekamabotolo onunkhira, asinthe zibungwe zazing'ono zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu adziwe za nthawi yawo moyenerera. AArt Nauveau, kuwulitsa mwamwambo kuyambira mu 1890s mpaka 1910s, kutsindika kuti kuyenda, mizere ya Organic, yodzoza mwachilengedwe.Mabotolo onunkhiraKuchokera munthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi mawonekedwe a asymmetrical, maluwa kapena tizilombo, komanso zowongoka, zovuta. Zida ngati galasi lopaka, enamel, ndi siliva wowonjezera anali otchuka, amathandizira kuti gulu likhale logogomezazalusokomanso zokhudzana ndi zovuta. René Lalique, mbuye wa Stalmaker, adadziwika ndi njira yake yabwinoArt Ouuveau Offent, kugwirizira ndi onunkhira ngati François Coty.
Kutsatira Art Nouveau, theArt akongoletsakayendedwe, kamene kamakhalidwa mu 1920s ndi 1930s, adapereka kusiyana kwakukulu. Kukumbatirana kwamakono, ukadaulo, ndi mitundu ya geometric,Zojambulajambula zonunkhira bwinoZithunzi zolimba mtima, mawonekedwe a symmetrical (ngati zigaratic kapena skirs), mitundu yolimba (golide, siliva, kapena zida zapamwamba), ndi zinthu zapamwamba. Bakelite ndi koyambiriramabotolo apulasitikinthawi zina zimawonekera pafupi ndi galasi.Mabotolo adayambaWokhazikika ndi wokakamizidwa, akuwonetsa mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa zaka jazi. Iconicmabotolo onunkhiramonga choyambiriraChoyendaAyi.Art akongoletsaZochita.
Kusunthaku kudalemeretsabotolo lonunkhiramonga chinthu chofunikira kwambirizaluso zamakonondikapangidwe kake. Adawonetsa momwe amafuta onunkhiraikhoza kusokoneza afungo labwinoKhalidwe ndi chidwi cha zokopa zamakono. Akutuluka kwa opanga onunkhiraNthawi imeneyi inangilira ulalo pakati pa wapaderabotolo lonunkhirandi chizindikiritso chodziwika bwino, mfundo yomwe imatsalira pakati paMakampani onunkhiraLero.
Amawonekedwe a botolondi chimodzi mwazinthu zomveka kwambiri za abotolo lonunkhira. Ndi silhouette, fomu yomwe yoyamba imagwira diso ndikulankhulamafrta ozozaMauthenga ofunafuna. Mawonekedwe amagwira ntchito pa onse ozindikira komanso osazindikira. Wowonda, wangularmawonekedwe a botoloanganene molimbika, kapena amuna achimunafungo, pomwe ma curve ofewa kapenamawonekedwe ozunguliraNthawi zambiri amatanthauza ukazi, zachikondi, kapena zofewa. Kusankha kwamafuta a botolondi gawo lofunikirakupanga botolo.
Moyenera,mawonekedwe a botoloAyenera kukhala othandiza - okhazikika okwanira kuyimirira pansi komanso omasuka kugwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Koma kuposa zothandizira, mawonekedwe ndi mawu abwino. Zimathandiza kusiyanitsamafrta ozozapa alumali, ndikupangitsa kuti zizindikire nthawi yomweyo. Ganizirani Iconicmabotolo onunkhira- mawonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwirizana ndizonunkhira. Chidziwikire kuti ndichofunikira pamsika womwe umakwaniritsidwa ndi zosankha. Abotolo lapaderamawonekedwe amatha kukhala siginecha ya mtundu, osakhazikika kwazaka makumi angapo ndikukhala amafuta onunkhira apamwambachizindikiritso.
Komanso,mawonekedwe a botoloamathandizira kwambiri kuzolowera zonse zamafrta ozoza. Atanyamulabotolo, kumva kulemera kwake komanso ma mizere, ndi gawo la miyambo yofunsirafungo labwino. Mawonekedwe amatha kukulitsa kumverera kwamakonokapenaulemu. Imalumikizana ndi kuwala, kuwonetsa mtundu wamafrta ozozandi mtundu wagalasi. Pamapeto pake,mawonekedwe a botoloimathandizanenani nkhani, ndikupanga kulumikizana kwamaganizidwe ndi ogula pamaso pafungoAmafika mphuno zawo. Zimasinthabotolo lonunkhirakuchokera ku chiwongola dzanja chopanda chidwi ndi gawo lalikulu lamafrta ozozaKukhazikika.
Pomwe zakudya muMapangidwe a botoloakupitilizabe, enansomawonekedwe apamwambandayimirirakuyesa kwa nthawindi kukhalabe maziko odziwikaMabotolo amakono amabowo. Mawonekedwe awa nthawi zambiri amapereka ndalamaulemu, othandiza, ndipo chinsalu chosinthasintha cha zinthu zokutira. Kuzindikira ArpitPoms Ameneko Ndi Kuthandiza Aliyense Kumathandiza Aliyense Kuchitamafuta opazidwakapenaMabotolo agalasi.
Nawa ena opiriramafuta a botolo:
Kupitirira izimawonekedwe apamwamba, Mabotolo amakono amabowokumbatiramawonekedwe apaderandi asymmetry. Opanga akuyesa ndi geometryry, kapangidwe, komanso kuyamizitsa zatsopano. Zojambula zazitali zimakhala zodziwika bwino, kuyang'ana pa chiyero chagalasi ndimafrta ozozautoto. Mosiyanasiyana, zokongoletsera kwambiri komanso zodzikongoletseramabotolo onunkhiraamachititsa chidwimakonondi kugwirizana. Njira yolowera yaying'ono, yoyendayendamabotolo onunkhiraAmakopanso mawonekedwe, kufuna kutengera ndi kukhazikika, monga ife10ml yonyamula mafuta onunkhira onunkhira oyenda. Pamapeto pake, chisankho chimatengerazonunkhiraChidziwitso cha anthu, omvera andamale, ndi nkhaniyofungo labwinoakufunanena.
AKupanga mabotolo onunkhira, makamaka kwambiriMabotolo onunkhiraKukondedwa ndi mitundu yambiri, ndi njira yogwirizira kuphatikiza ukadaulo ndipozaluso. Monga mwini fakitale wokhala ndi zokumana nazo zochulukirapo mugalasi, i, Allen, amatha kutsimikizira mwachidule. Njirayi imayamba ndi zinthu zopangira - makamaka mchenga, phulusa la koloko, ndi miyala yamchenga - yosungunuka bwino kwambiri mu ng'anjo yayikulu mu ng'anjo.
Kamodzi, galasi limapangidwa kukhala lomwe mukufunamawonekedwe a botolo. Njira yofala kwambiri yopangira misa ndi "kuwomba ndi kuwomba" kapena "kanikizani ndikuwomba" makina amodzi).
Kukongoletsa, monga chisanu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kusindikiza, kapena kusunthira otentha, kumachitika pambuyo pa gawo loyambirabotolo lonunkhiraimapangidwa ndikuyang'aniridwa. Kuwonetsetsa kuti panjira iliyonse ndi kotheratu kuti muperekechamakonoNdipo chinthu chodalirika chomwe chimakumana ndi miyezo yamayiko (ngati FDA yotsatira ya zodzikongoletsera).
Mwamtheradi! Kusintha kwamitundu ndi mwala wapafupi wamakonoMakampani onunkhira, ndibotolo lonunkhirandi canvas yoyamba ya mawu. Pomwe muyezomawonekedwe a botolokupereka bwino, moonabotolo lapaderakapangidwe kumatha kukweza azonunkhirandikupanga chidwi. Monga opanga, timagwirizana ndi makasitomala kuti abweretse masomphenyawa pamoyo.
Kusinthana kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zosintha zosavuta kwa mapangidwe opanga kwathunthu:
KuperekaMapangidwe aulereKuthandiza kapena kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lopanga chizindikiro ndilofala. Cholinga ndikupanga zophimbaMasamba onunkhirakudziwa komwebotolo lonunkhiraamawonetsa bwinofungo labwinondi kudziwika kwa mtunduwo.Kupanga botoloIzi ndi zonse zosangalatsa komanso zopangidwa zimafunikira ukadaulo. Kwa mabizinesi akuwongolera asiliti, ngati kuthaMabotolo onunkhira ku Europemsika kapena kupanga aMbotolo wosayinaKuti mukonzekere zatsopano, kusinthana ndi kiyi.Mabotolo tsopano ndi otchukanjira yosiyanitsa msika wodzaza anthu.
Kwa eni bizinesi ndi ogulitsa akagula ngati Mark Thompson, akumenyamabotolo onunkhira, makamaka kuchokera kwa opanga kunja kumayiko ngati China, pamafunika kuganizira mofatsa zoposa mtengo woyambirira wa mitengo. Kuonetsetsa kuti kudalirika, kudalirika, ndipo malingaliro osalala ndikofunikira kuti muchite bwino. Kutengera zomwe ndakumana nazo ngati mwini fakitale (Allen) akuchita ndi makasitomala ochokera ku USA, North America, Europe, ndi Australia, apa ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuimira:
Chitsimikizo chadongosolo:Izi ndi zofunika.
Zivomeredzo ndi kutsatira:Chofunika pa mwayi wamsika, makamaka ku US ndi EU.
Kudalirika ndi Kulankhulana:Pofuna kupewa kuchedwa komanso kusamvana.
Mapulani ndi Kulipira:Malingaliro othandiza pa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi.
Kutha Kwachipatala:Ngati pakufunika, yesani kukhoza kwa Woperekayo kuti apereke mapangidwe, mitundu, ndi zokongoletsa molondola komanso mosasinthasintha. Funsani za kapangidwe kawo kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kamene kamapanga. Zathu50ml zokongola zonunkhira bwinoakuwonetsa mtundu wa mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Kupeza Woperekera Chiwonetsero kapena Kusaka kwa Google kuli ponseponse, koma kulimbikira ndikofunikira. Kugwirizana ndi odalirika, owoneka bwino, komanso opanga bwino amachepetsa zoopsa monga kutumizidwa ku delays ndikuwonetsetsa zomalizabotolo lonunkhiraAmakumanaulemundi miyezo yomwe ikuyembekezeka ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.